"Kindle For Pc" How To Download? "New Oxford American Dictionary" UPDATED

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"Kindle For Pc" How To Download? "New Oxford American Dictionary"

Amazon Kindle

Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle logo.svg
Amazon Kindle 3.jpg
A tertiary generation Kindle (now known as "Kindle Keyboard") in graphite color
Developer Amazon.com
Manufacturer Foxconn
Production family Kindle
Type Eastward-book reader
Release engagement November 19, 2007 (2007-eleven-19)
Introductory cost $399
Operating system Linux two.half dozen.26
Power Kindle Keyboardane,750 mAh iii.seven V, lithium polymer, BA1001 model
Kindle 4: 3.seven 5 890 mAh
Kindle Touch on: 3.7 5 1420 mAh
Kindle Paperwhite: iii.7 5 1470 mAh
CPU Original: Marvell Xscale PXA255 400 MHz, ARMv5
Kindle 2: Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11
Kindle 3: Freescale i.MX35 532 MHz, ARM11
Kindle 4, Touch on: Freescale i.MX50 800 MHz,
Paperwhite: Freescale i.MX50 800MHz Rev. ane.one
Storage capacity Internal flash memory (available full/user)
Original: 256/180 MB
Kindle 2: 2/1.4 GB
Kindle 3: 4/three GB
Kindle DX: four/3.3 GB
Kindle 4: 2/1.25 GB
Kindle Bear on: iv/three GB
Kindle 5, Paperwhite: 2/one.25 GB
Retentiveness Kindle 3: 256 MB
Kindle 4, Touch: 256 MB
Kindle 5, Paperwhite: 256 MB
Brandish

Electronic newspaper half dozen in diagonal,
3.6 in (91 mm) × 4.8 in (120 mm),
600 × 800 pixels (0.48 megapixels),
167 ppi density,
Original: four-level grayscale
Kindle 2, iii, 4, 5: 16-level grayscale
Kindle DX: nine.7 in (246 mm) diagonal, 824 × 1200 pixels (0.99 megapixels), 150 ppi density, 16-level grayscale


Kindle Paperwhite: vi in diagonal, 758 × 1024 pixels (0.78 megapixels), 212 ppi density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit
Graphics None
Input USB 2.0 port (micro-B connector),
SD bill of fare (original model only),
iii.5 mm stereo headphone jack
built-in stereo speakers (non supported by the Kindle 4), and
AC ability adapter jack
Controller input D-pad and keyboard (some models)
Camera None
Touchpad None
Connectivity Amazon Whispernet using EVDO/CDMA AnyDATA wireless modem (selected models),
802.11bg Wi-Fi (Kindle three)
802.11bgn Wi-Fi (Kindle 4, five, and Paperwhite)
Dimensions

Original
8.0 in (203 mm) H
five.3 in (135 mm) W
0.8 in (20 mm) D
Kindle ii
8.0 in (203 mm) H
v.3 in (135 mm) W
0.36 in (ix mm) D
Kindle iii
7.5 in (191 mm) H
iv.8 in (122 mm) W
0.34 in (nine mm) D
Kindle DX 2
10.4 in (264 mm) H
7.2 in (183 mm) Due west
0.38 in (x mm) D
Kindle Touch
vi.eight in (173 mm) H
4.7 in (119 mm) W
0.40 in (x mm) D
Kindle 4, v
6.5 in (165 mm) H
4.five in (114 mm) W
0.34 in (9 mm) D
Kindle Paperwhite

6.7 in (170 mm) H
four.6 in (117 mm) West
0.36 in (9 mm) D
Weight Kindle 1, 2
10.two oz (290 g)
Kindle 3
8.7 oz (247 m)
Kindle 3 Wi-Fi only
8.5 oz (241 one thousand)
Kindle Bear on 3G
7.8 oz (220 g)
Kindle Impact
7.5 oz (213 g)
Kindle DX 2
xviii.9 oz (540 g)
Kindle 4, 5
5.98 oz (170 g)
Kindle Paperwhite 3G
7.8 oz (222 g)
Kindle Paperwhite
7.5 oz (213 g)
Related articles Amazon.com
Website Kindle.com
Amazon Kindle models
East Ink devices
  • Kindle (original) (white)
    Release engagement: November 19, 2007
  • Kindle 2 (white)
    February 23, 2009
  • Kindle 2 International (white)
    October nineteen, 2009
  • Kindle DX (white)
    June ten, 2009
  • Kindle DX International (white)
    January nineteen, 2010
  • Kindle DX (graphite)
    July 1, 2010
  • Kindle Keyboard (white/graphite)
    Baronial 27, 2010
  • Kindle Keyboard with special offers (graphite)
    Wi-Fi: May 3, 2011
    3G/Wi-Fi: May 25, 2011
  • Kindle 4 (silver)
    September 28, 2011
  • Kindle Touch, Touch 3G (silvery)
    September 28, 2011
  • Kindle 5 (blackness)
    October 1, 2012
  • Kindle Paperwhite, Paperwhite 3G (blackness)
    October 1, 2012
Android devices
  • Kindle Fire (graphite)
    Sep 28, 2011

The Amazon Kindle is a serial of e-volume readers produced by Amazon.com. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to store for, download, browse, and read due east-books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, and other digital media via wireless networking. [1] The hardware platform, developed by Amazon.com subsidiary Lab126, began as a single device and now comprises a range of devices – nigh using an E Ink electronic newspaper display capable of rendering xvi tones to simulate reading on paper while minimizing ability consumption.

Contents

  • 1 Naming and evolution
  • 2 Devices
    • 2.1 E Ink
      • 2.1.one First generation
        • 2.1.ane.one Kindle
      • 2.i.2 Second generation
        • 2.1.2.1 Kindle two
        • 2.1.2.2 Kindle two international version
        • 2.ane.2.three Kindle DX
        • 2.ane.ii.4 Kindle DX international version
        • 2.1.two.5 Kindle DX Graphite
      • 2.1.three Third generation
        • 2.1.3.1 Kindle Keyboard Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi/3G
      • ii.one.4 Quaternary generation
        • 2.1.4.i Kindle
        • 2.ane.4.two Kindle Touch Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi/3G
      • 2.1.5 Fifth generation
        • two.1.5.i Kindle
        • 2.ane.5.2 Kindle Paperwhite
    • two.2 LCD
      • 2.2.1 Kindle Fire
      • 2.2.ii Kindle Fire Hard disk drive
  • 3 Kindle applications
  • four Kindle sales
  • v Document availability
  • 6 Features
    • 6.1 File formats
      • 6.1.i Proprietary formats (AZW, KF8)
      • 6.i.2 Format support by device
    • half-dozen.2 Email conversion
    • vi.3 Multiple device abilities and arrangement
    • 6.4 User-created annotations
    • 6.five Textbook rentals
  • 7 Kindle Development Kit (KDK) and active content
  • 8 Kindle Direct Publishing
  • 9 Remote content removal
  • 10 See also
  • 11 References
  • 12 External links

Naming and evolution

The Kindle proper noun was devised by branding consultant Michael Cronan who was asked past Lab 126 to name the product. Cronan and partner Karin Hibma suggested Kindle, meaning to light a fire. [2] They felt this was an apt metaphor for reading and intellectual excitement. [3]

Kindle hardware has evolved from the original Kindle introduced in 2007 and a Kindle DX line (with a larger screen) introduced in 2009. Appear in September 2011, the range now includes devices with keyboards (Kindle Keyboard), devices with touch sensitive screens (Kindle Impact), a tablet calculator with a reader app and a color display (Kindle Fire) and a low-priced model with an on-screen keyboard (Kindle).

Amazon has as well introduced Kindle software for use on various devices and platforms, including Microsoft Windows, iOS, BlackBerry, Mac OS X (10.5 or afterward, Intel processor only), Android, webOS, and Windows Phone [four] (not available in many parts of Europe). Amazon also has a "cloud" reader to let users to read, and buy, Kindle books from a web browser.

Content for the Kindle tin can be purchased online and downloaded wirelessly in some countries, using either standard Wi-Fi or Amazon'southward 3G "Whispernet" network. [5] Whispernet is accessible without any monthly fee or wireless subscription, [6] although fees can be incurred for the delivery of periodicals and other content when roaming internationally across the customer's home country. Through a service chosen "Whispersync," customers tin can synchronize reading progress, bookmarks and other information across Kindle hardware devices and other mobile devices. [7] [8]

In the concluding three months of 2010, Amazon announced that in the United states, their e-volume sales had surpassed sales of paperback books for the outset time. [9]

Devices

A first generation Kindle

A second generation Kindle

E Ink

Start generation

Kindle

Amazon released the Kindle First Generation [ten] on November nineteen, 2007, for U.s.a.$399. Information technology sold out in v and a one-half hours. [11] The device remained out of stock for five months until late Apr 2008. [12]

It is the only Kindle with expandable memory, via an SD bill of fare slot.

The device features a 6 inch (diagonal) 4-level grayscale display, with 250 MB of internal memory, which can hold approximately 200 non-illustrated titles. [xiii]

Amazon did not sell the Kindle First Generation outside the United States. [13] Plans for a launch in the UK and other European countries were delayed by problems with signing up suitable wireless network operators. [14]

Second generation

Kindle ii

On February x, 2009, Amazon announced the Kindle 2. [15] It became available for purchase on February 23, 2009. The Kindle 2 features a text-to-voice communication option to read the text aloud, and ii GB of internal memory of which one.4 GB is user-accessible. By Amazon's estimates the Kindle 2 tin agree about 1500 non-illustrated books. Dissimilar the Kindle Showtime Generation, Kindle 2 does not have a slot for SD memory cards. [16] It was slimmer than the original Kindle. [17] [18] [xix]

To promote the new Kindle, author Stephen Male monarch made UR, his so-new novella, available exclusively through the Kindle Store. [twenty] On October 22, 2009, Amazon stopped selling the original Kindle 2 in favor of the international version it had introduced earlier in the month.

According to an early review by iFixIt, the Kindle 2 features a Freescale 532 MHz, ARM-xi ninety nm processor, 32 MB main retentiveness, ii GB moviNAND flash retentivity and a 3.7 V i,530 mAh lithium polymer bombardment. [21]

On November 24, 2009, Amazon released a firmware update for the Kindle 2 that it said increased battery life by 85% and introduces native PDF support. [22]

On July 8, 2009, Amazon reduced toll of the Kindle ii from the original $359 to $299. On October seven, 2009, Amazon further reduced the price of the Kindle 2 to $259. [23] The Kindle 2 had a manufacturing materials cost estimated at $185.49, in 2009 by iSuppli. [24]

Kindle two international version

On October 7, 2009, Amazon announced an international version of the Kindle 2 with the ability to download new titles in over 100 countries. It became bachelor Oct xix, 2009. The international Kindle 2 is physically very similar to the U.S.-but model, although it uses a dissimilar mobile network standard.

The original Kindle 2 used CDMA2000, for employ on the Dart network. The international version used standard GSM and 3G GSM, enabling it to exist used on AT&T's U.S. mobile network and internationally in 100 other countries. [25]

Kindle 2 International Version is believed to have a noticeably higher contrast screen, although Amazon does not advertise this. [26] Another review washed by Gadget lab, [27] disputes this and actually states that the font appears to be fuzzier than the commencement generation kindle. The review goes on to say that changes to the Kindle 2 take made information technology tougher to read the smaller font sizes that most books use. On another website [28] they also talk over how the font size is at times worse than the Kindle ane's. It appears that whether the Kindle ii is clearer or fuzzier than the prior model depends on the font size. These issues became moot when Amazon sourced a college contrast E Ink technology it dubbed "Pearl East-ink" and which it used in all of its e-reader devices thereafter.

On October 22, 2009, Amazon lowered the price on the international version from $279 to $259 and discontinued the U.South.-but model. On June 21, 2010, hours after Barnes & Noble lowered the toll of its Nook, Amazon lowered the price of the Kindle 2 to $189.

The larger Kindle DX with a Kindle two for size comparison

Kindle DX

Amazon announced the Kindle DX on May six, 2009. This device has a larger screen than the standard Kindle and supports uncomplicated PDF files. It was also the thinnest Kindle to date and offers an accelerometer, which enables the user to seamlessly rotate pages between landscape and portrait orientations when the Kindle DX is turned on its side. [29] It is marketed as more suitable for displaying newspaper and textbook content. [thirty] The device tin connect simply to Whispernet in the The states. It tin can be distinguished from the after International version by a serial number starting with "B004". [31]

Kindle DX international version

Since Jan 19, 2010, the Kindle DX International has shipped in 100 countries. [32] The Kindle DX comes with a 9.7-inch E Ink screen instead of the six-inch bones Kindle screen. Information technology has support for International 3G Wireless, and its series number will start with "B005". [31]

The 2nd generation Kindle DX in graphite colour

Kindle DX Graphite

On July 1, 2010, Amazon released a new revision of the Kindle DX "Graphite". Too as dropping the price from $489 to $379, the new Kindle DX has an E Ink display with 50% better contrast ratio (due to new Eastward Ink Pearl technology) and comes only in a "graphite" case color. It is speculated the case color modify is to amend contrast ratio perception farther, as some users constitute the prior white casing highlighted that the E Ink background is light gray and non white. Like the prior Kindle DX, information technology does not have a Wi-Fi connection. [33] Its serial numbers start with "B009". [31] The DX Graphite (DXG) is a mix of 3rd generation hardware and 2nd generation software. The CPU is of the same speed as Kindle three but it is of a unlike revision. Fifty-fifty though DX Graphite has a larger case, information technology has merely a half the organisation memory (128MB) of the Kindle 3 (256 MB). Due to these hardware differences, DXG runs the same firmware equally Kindle 2 (currently at version 2.5.8). Therefore, DXG cannot brandish international fonts (such equally the Cyrillic font, Chinese, or any other not-Latin font), and PDF and the web browser are limited to Kindle 2 features.

Third generation

Kindle Keyboard Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi/3G

Inside the Kindle iii, with the back comprehend removed.

Amazon announced a new generation of the Kindle on July 28, 2010. [34] While Amazon does non officially add numbers to the end of each Kindle cogent its generation, reviewers, customers and press companies often refer to this updated Kindle equally the "K3" or the "Kindle 3". [35] [36] [37]

Kindle Keyboard. (Left to correct) Volume control, headphone jack, microphone, USB and power switch

The Kindle Keyboard is available in two versions. One of these, the Kindle Wi-Fi, was initially priced at US$139 / GB£111, and connects to the Cyberspace exclusively via Wi-Fi networks. [34] The other version, considered a replacement to the Kindle ii, was priced at Us$189 / GB£152 and includes both 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity. [34] (currently unavailable in UK [38] ) The built-in complimentary 3G connectivity uses the same wireless signals that cell phones apply, allowing it to download and purchase content from any location with jail cell service. [34] The Kindle Keyboard with 3G is available in two colors: archetype white and graphite. Both models utilize the newer E ink "Pearl" display, which has a higher dissimilarity than prior displays and a faster refresh rate. Withal, information technology remains slower than traditional LCDs. [39]

The Kindle Keyboard uses a Freescale i. MX353 applications processor, Freescale MC13892 power management chip, Epson E INK controller and Samsung DRAM and flash. Other hardware changes include a larger 1,750 mAh lithium-ion polymer battery, AnyDATA DTP-600W 3G GSM modem and Atheros AR6102G 802.11bg Wi-Fi chip.

The third-generation Kindle is 0.v inches shorter and 0.5 inches narrower than the Kindle 2. It supports additional fonts and international Unicode characters, and has a Voice Guide feature with spoken menu navigation. Experimental features include a browser based on the pop WebKit rendering engine (merely browser may exist limited to 50MB of 3G per month to web sites other than Amazon and Wikipedia in territories outside of the United States), [40] Text-to-Voice communication that can read aloud the text from books and other content, and an MP3 player. Internal memory is expanded to 4 GB, with approximately 3 GB available for user content. Battery life is advertised at up to two months of reading half an 60 minutes a day on a unmarried charge with the wireless turned off, which amounts to roughly 30 hours. [34]

Amazon began accepting pre-orders for the new Kindle as before long every bit it was announced and began shipping the devices on August 27, 2010, in the United States and Great britain. With the announcement of the Kindle Keyboard, Amazon also launched an Amazon.co.united kingdom version of the Kindle store. On Baronial 25, 2010, Amazon announced that the Kindle 3 was the fastest-selling Kindle e'er. [41]

In tardily January 2011, Amazon appear that digital books were outselling their traditional print counterparts for the first time ever on its site, with an average of 115 Kindle editions being sold for every 100 paperback editions. [42]

An ad-supported version, the "Kindle with Special Offers" was introduced on May 3, 2011, with a cost reduction of $25 less at $114. On July 13, 2011, Amazon announced that due to a sponsorship understanding with AT&T, the toll of the Kindle 3G with Special Offers would be lowered to $139, $50 less than the Kindle 3G. [43] With the 2011 Kindle annunciation, the cost of the "Kindle Keyboard with Special Offers" was reduced to $99.

The Kindle Keyboard more often than not received expert reviews later launch. In their Kindle Keyboard Review, Review Horizon, [44] describes it as offering "the best reading experience in its course" while Engadget [45] says "In the standalone category, the Kindle is probably the one to beat".

Subsequently the introduction of the low priced Kindle version, and Kindle Touch and Kindle Burn readers in September 2011 Amazon began describing the older Kindle version as the 'Kindle Keyboard' instead of the Kindle three. At the time, 3G is not available for all countries.

Fourth generation

Fourth-generation Kindle

Kindle

Amazon announced the fourth generation Kindle on September 28, 2011, offer models with and without ad-support, retailing for $79 and $109 respectively. Retaining the half-dozen inch e-ink display of the previous Kindle model equally well as Amazon's experimental web-browsing capability (when within Wi-fi range), the fourth generation Kindle features a slight reduction in weight and size [46] as well every bit nine difficult keys, a cursor pad, an on-screen rather than concrete keyboard, a wink storage capacity of 2GB, and an estimated one month battery life. [47] [48]

Kindle Touch on Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi/3G

Amazon announced a touchscreen version of the Kindle on September 28, 2011; bachelor with Wi-Fi ($99 ad-supported, $139 no ads) or Wi-Fi/3G connectivity ($149 ad-supported, $189 no ads). Via 3G the device is able to connect to the Kindle Store, download books and periodicals, and admission Wikipedia. Experimental web browsing (outside of Wikipedia) on Kindle Bear on 3G is but available over Wi-Fi. [49] (Kindle Keyboard continues without this restriction). The device uses the aforementioned 6-inch Due east-ink screen of the previous Kindle model, with the addition of an infrared touch-screen control. [46] Similar its predecessor, the Kindle Bear on has a capacity of 4GB and battery life of two months. [50] The Kindle Bear on began to ship on Nov 15, 2011 (U.S. but). [51] Amazon announced in March 2012 that the device would be available in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, Frg, France, Espana and Italy on April 27, 2012. [52] In January 2013, Amazon released the 5.2.0 update that updated the operating system to nearly match Paperwhite.

Fifth generation

Kindle

Amazon appear a new version of the regular Kindle on September half dozen, 2012. Information technology starts off at $69 for an advertisement-supported version and $89 advertising-free version. The new Kindle has also a blackness example (compared to the one-time ane which was merely available in silver-grey variant), better contrast, and mitt-tuned fonts. It is claimed to have 15% faster page loads. It has 167 PPI pixel density and is the lightest Kindle at v.98 oz (170 one thousand).

Kindle Paperwhite

The Kindle Paperwhite was released on October one, 2012 in the United States. Information technology has a 6", 212 ppi display (an almost-XGA resolution of 758×1024) with built-in light that is adjustable with an on-screen menu, and has 2GB of storage. It is available in Wi-Fi ($119 advertisement-supported, $139 no ads) and Wi-Fi + 3G ($179 advertizing-supported, $199 no ads) models, [53] with the advertisement supported one only available in the Usa. [54] The light is one of the master features of the Paperwhite, however the light level must be adjusted manually. The 3G access restrictions are the same as the Kindle Touch on and usage of the 3G information is express to 50 MB per calendar month, additional data can be purchased. [55] Battery life is advertised at up to 8 weeks of reading with half an hour per solar day with wireless off and constant light usage; this usage equals 28 hours. [56] Instead of publishing the exact screen resolution of its E Ink brandish, Amazon states "62% more than pixels", leaving the iriver Story Hard disk drive (2011) with "63% more than pixels" in the LG display (768×1024) with a higher resolution but with less ppi than the Paperwhite. The Kindle Paperwhite lacks physical buttons for page turning and motorcar-hyphenation. Except for the lock-screen/power button at its bottom, it relies solely on the impact screen interface. [57]

Presently afterward release, some users complained near the lighting implementation on the Kindle Paperwhite. [58] While not widespread, some users found the lighting to be inconsistent causing the bottom edge to bandage irregular shadows. Too, some users do not like that the light can exist dimmed significantly though not turned off completely. [59] The light tin be turned off past loading a custom firmware (jailbreaking) and loading a patch. [sixty] In Nov 2012, Amazon released the v.3.0 firmware update that allowed users to plough off recommended content on the home screen; the update also included general issues fixes.

LCD

Kindle Fire

Kindle Burn down

Main commodity: Kindle Fire

Amazon appear an Android-based tablet with a colour touch on screen on September 28, 2011. It was released for $199 and has a 7-inch IPS display. This is the commencement Kindle without an E Ink display. The unit of measurement is capable of holding over 80 applications, plus either 10 movies or 800 songs or 6,000 books. Its web browser is the Amazon Silk cloud-accelerated browser. Nonetheless, unlike previously released Kindles, it has no 3G option, simply but has Wi-Fi. The Kindle Fire also lacks a microphone, camera, and an SD bill of fare reader. It has 8GB of storage and a projected battery life of upwardly to eight hours. [61]

Kindle Fire HD

Primary article: Kindle Fire HD

The Kindle Fire Hard disk is the 2d generation of Amazon's color touchscreen Kindle Fire tablet line announced on September 6, 2012. Information technology is bachelor in 2 form factors, 7 inch and 8.9 inch screen sizes. The 7 inch version was released on September 14, while the 8.9 inch model (with either Wi-Fi or 4G model) was released on November 20, 2012. The 8.ix inch model was initially bachelor only in the United states of america, just in March 2013 it was released in boosted countries. The Kindle Burn down HD too has a congenital-in microphone, a micro USB port, a HDMI output port, and a headphone jack.

Kindle applications

Amazon released a "Kindle for PC" application in late 2009, available equally a costless download for Microsoft Windows eight, 7, Vista, and XP. [62] This awarding allows thousands of books to be read on a personal computer in colour, with no Kindle unit required, as e-books tin can simply exist purchased from Amazon's shop. [63] Amazon later released a version for the Apple Macintosh, in early on 2010. [64] In June 2010, Amazon released a "Kindle for Android" version. With the Google Android application release, versions for the Apple tree iPhone, the iPad, Windows and Mac computers, and BlackBerry cellphones are also bachelor. [65] In January 2011, Amazon released Kindle for Windows Phone seven. [66] In July 2011, Kindle for HP TouchPad (running under webOS) was released in the US as a beta version. [67] In August 2011, Amazon released an HTML5 based webapp supporting the Chrome and Safari browsers chosen Kindle Cloud Reader. [68] Equally of June 2012, Amazon has expressed no interest in releasing a similar application for the GNU/Linux operating system, however the Deject Reader can be used in Linux.

Kindle sales

Specific Kindle sales numbers are not released past the visitor; withal, Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO of Amazon.com, stated in a shareholders' coming together in January 2010 that "millions of people now ain Kindles". [69] Co-ordinate to bearding inside sources, over three meg Kindles had been sold as of December 2009, [70] while external estimates, every bit of Q4-2009, place the number at virtually 1.5 one thousand thousand. [71] According to James McQuivey of Forrester Enquiry, estimates are ranging around 4 million, as of mid-2010. [72] On March 6, 2011, AT&T stores officially started sales of the Amazon Kindle. [73]

In 2010, Amazon remained the undisputed leader in the eastward-reader category, bookkeeping for 59% of due east-readers shipped, and information technology gained fourteen pct points in share. [74] According to an International Data Corporation (IDC) study from March 2011, sales for all e-book readers worldwide reached 12.8 million in 2010; 48% of them were Kindles. [75]

In December 2011, Amazon appear that customers had purchased "well over" one million Kindles per week since the stop of November 2011; this includes all available Kindle models and as well the Kindle Burn down tablet. [76] IDC estimated that the Kindle Fire sold near 4.vii million units during the fourth quarter of 2011. [77] Pacific Crest estimated that the Kindle Burn models sold six meg units during Q4 2012. [78]

Document availability

Content from Amazon and another content providers is primarily encoded in Amazon'south proprietary Kindle format (AZW, KF8). It is besides possible to load content in various formats from a figurer by transferring it to the Kindle via a USB cable or by emailing it to a registered email accost provided by Amazon (for a fee via 3G, or free via Wi-Fi); the email service can convert a number of document formats to Amazon'south AZW format so transmit the event to the associated Kindle over Whispernet. In addition to published content such as books and periodicals, Kindle users can also access the Internet, free of charge, via either Wi-Fi or 3G. [79]

The New Yorker subscribed on a "Kindle Keyboard"

The Kindle's terms of use forestall transferring Amazon eastward-books to another user or a unlike blazon of device. [80] However, Amazon now allows limited lending of certain titles. [81] Users can select reading material using the Kindle itself or through a computer at the Amazon Kindle store and can download content through the Kindle Store, which upon the initial launch of the Kindle had more than 88,000 digital titles available for download. This number continued steadily increasing to more than than 275,000 past late 2008, and exceeded 500,000 in the jump of 2010. As of July four, 2011, there were more 765,000 books available for download, [82] about 36,000 of them in German. [83] In tardily 2007, new releases and New York Times all-time sellers were being offered for approximately US$11, with start chapters of many books offered as free samples. Many titles, including some classics, are offered free of accuse or at a depression price, which has been stated to relate to the cost of adapting the book to the Kindle format. Magazines, newspapers and blogs via RSS are provided past Amazon per a monthly subscription fee or a gratuitous trial period. Newspaper subscriptions toll from US$1.99 to $27.99 per calendar month; magazines accuse betwixt $ane.25 and $ten.99 per month, and blogs accuse from $0.99 to $1.99 per month. [84] Amazon eastward-book sales overtook print for one day for the first time on Christmas 24-hour interval of 2009. [85]

International users of Kindle pay unlike prices for books depending on their registered country. For U.S. customers traveling abroad, Amazon originally charged a $1.99 fee to download books over 3G while overseas. That charge was quietly dropped in May 2010.[ citation needed ] Fees remain for wireless delivery of journal subscriptions and personal documents.

In improver to the Kindle store, paid content for the Kindle tin exist purchased from diverse independent sources such as Fictionwise, Mobipocket and Baen Ebooks. Public domain titles are also obtainable for the Kindle via content providers such as Project Gutenberg, The Internet Annal, Retroread and World Public Library. Co-ordinate to Sammy Male monarch, the Kindle store has more than twice as much paid content equally its nearest competitor, Barnes and Noble. [86]

The device is sold with electronic editions of its owner's transmission; the U.Due south. version besides includes the New Oxford American Dictionary and the United kingdom version the Oxford Dictionary of English language (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary). Users tin can purchase dissimilar dictionaries from the Kindle shop as specified in the included manual. [87] [88]

Features

The Kindle besides contains several free experimental features including a bones web browser. [89] Users can also play music from MP3 files in the background in the order they were added to Kindle, if the device supports MP3 playback. Operating organization updates are designed to be received wirelessly and installed automatically during a period in sleep way in which wireless is turned on. [90]

File formats

Kindle devices do not support the EPUB file format used by many other eastward-book readers. Instead, they are designed to utilise Amazon'south own due east-volume formats: AZW and, in later devices, KF8. Like EPUB, these formats are intended for reflowable, richly formatted e-book content and support DRM restrictions, just unlike EPUB, they are proprietary formats. Gratis software such every bit the free and open source calibre, Amazon'southward KindleGen [91] , and the e-mail based Send-to-Kindle service are available to convert e-books into these formats. Kindle devices can likewise display some generic document formats such as plain text (TXT) and Portable Document Format (PDF) files.

Proprietary formats (AZW, KF8)

The first Kindle devices used the AZW e-book format, which is identical to the Mobipocket (MOBI) format for files that are non DRM-restricted.

The Kindle Fire introduced the "Kindle Format eight" (KF8). [92] KF8 supports a subset of HTML5 and CSS3 features, [93] while besides acting as a container for a backwards-uniform MOBI content document. [94] [95]

Format support past device

The first generation Kindle can read only unprotected Mobipocket files (MOBI, Red china), plainly text files (TXT), Topaz format books (TPZ), and Amazon'southward AZW format.

The Kindle 2 added native PDF capability with the Version two.three firmware upgrade. [22] Before versions could not mostly read PDF files, just Amazon provided "experimental" conversion to the native AZW format, [96] with the caveat that not all PDFs may format correctly. [97] The Kindle ii added the ability to read the Audible Enhanced (AAX) format, but dropped the power to read Audible versions 2 and 3. The Kindle 2 tin can also display HTML files stored on the unit.

The fourth/fifth generation Kindles, Kindle Affect, Kindle Touch 3G, and Kindle Paperwhite can display AZW, TXT, PDF, unprotected MOBI, and China files natively. HTML, DOC, DOCX, JPEG, GIF, PNG, and BMP are usable through conversion. The Touch and Touch 3G can besides play Audible Enhanced (AA, AAX) and MP3 files. [98] Amazon indicated in 2012 that the fourth generation Kindles will exist updated to support the KF8 format. [99]

Email conversion

Amazon offers an email-based service that will convert GIF, PNG and BMP graphics to AZW. [100] Amazon volition also convert HTML pages and Microsoft Word (Physician) or (DOCX) documents through the same email-based mechanism, which will send a Kindle-formatted file to the device via 3G for $0.15 per MB or via WiFi for free. In addition, this service tin ship unprotected Mobi files to your Kindle. These services can be accessed by Kindle devices, Apple iOS devices running Kindle app version 2.ix or greater, and Android devices running Kindle app version 3.5 or greater. [101]

Multiple device abilities and system

A book may be downloaded from Amazon to several devices at the same fourth dimension. The devices sharing the book must be registered to the same Amazon business relationship. A sharing limit typically ranges from one to 6 devices, depending on an undisclosed number of licenses prepare by the volume publisher. When a limit is reached, the user must remove the book from some device [102] or unregister a device containing the book [103] in social club to add a book to another device.

The original Kindle and Kindle ii did not let the user to organize books into folders. The user could only select what blazon of content to display on the domicile screen and whether to organize by author, title, or download date. Kindle software version 2.v (released July 2010) immune for the organisation of books into "Collections" which roughly corresponds to folders except for the fact that a collection tin not include other collections, and that one book may exist added to multiple collections. These collections are normally set and organized on the Kindle itself, one book at a time. calibre had a plugin that fabricated it possible to organize these collections on a reckoner, but this plugin no longer functions on newer models (Kindle Touch on and Kindle Fire). In that location remains no option to organize by series or series order, equally the AZW format does not possess the needed metadata fields.

User-created annotations

Users tin can bookmark, highlight and wait upwards content. Pages tin be bookmarked for reference and notes tin can be added to relevant content. While a book is open on the display, menu options allow users to search for synonyms and definitions from the built-in dictionary. The device besides remembers the last page read for each volume. Pages can be saved as a "clipping", or a text file containing the text of the currently displayed folio. All clippings are appended to a single file, which can exist downloaded over a USB cablevision. [104] Due to the TXT format of the clippings file all formattings like assuming, italics, bigger fonts for headlines etc. are stripped off the original text.

Textbook rentals

On July xviii, 2011, Amazon began a plan that allows college students to rent Kindle textbooks from 3 different publishers for a fixed period of time. [105]

Kindle Development Kit (KDK) and active content

On January 21, 2010, Amazon appear the forthcoming release of its Kindle Evolution Kit. [106] Its aim is to allow developers to build 'agile content' for the Kindle, and a beta version was announced with a February 2010 release appointment. A number of companies have already experimented with delivering active content through the Kindle'southward bundled browser, and the KDK promises 'sample code, documentation and the Kindle Simulator' together with a new revenue sharing model for developers. [107]

The KDK is based on the Java Programming Language, specifically, the Personal Basis ane.1.ii (JSR 217) season of packaged Java APIs.

Equally of March 2012[update] Kindle shop offers over 200 items labeled as active content. [108] These items include simple applications and games, including a complimentary set provided past Amazon Digital Services. [109] To the appointment the agile content is just bachelor in the United states of america (or with US billing address).

Kindle Direct Publishing

Concurrently with the Kindle device, Amazon launched Kindle Direct Publishing, where authors and publishers independently publish their books direct to Kindle and Kindle Apps worldwide. In open beta testing as of late 2007, the platform has been promoted to established authors past an email [110] and by advertisements at Amazon.com. Authors can upload documents in several formats for delivery via Whispernet and charge between $0.99 and $200.00 per download. [110]

In a Dec five, 2009 interview with The New York Times, CEO Jeff Bezos revealed that Amazon.com keeps 65% of the revenue from all ebook sales for the Kindle. [111] The remaining 35% is split up between the book writer and publisher. After numerous commentators observed that Apple's popular App Store offers 70% of royalties to the publisher, Amazon began a program that offers 70% royalties to Kindle publishers who hold to sure atmospheric condition. [112] Some of these conditions, such every bit the disability to opt out of the lendability feature, accept caused some controversy. [113]

Other criticisms involve the business model behind Amazon'southward implementation and distribution of east-books. [114] [115] Amazon introduced a software application allowing Kindle books to exist read on an iPhone or iPod Touch. [116] Amazon soon followed with an application called "Kindle for PCs" that can be run on a Windows PC. Due to the book publisher's DRM policies, Amazon claims that at that place is no correct of offset sale with e-books. Amazon states they are licensed, not purchased; and then unlike newspaper books, buyers exercise not really ain their e-books according to Amazon. This has however never been tested in the courts and the outcome of any activeness by Amazon is by no means certain. The law is in a state of flux in jurisdictions effectually the world. [117] [118]

Amazon has reported the Kindle version of 50 Shades of Grey sold more than than double that of Amazon'due south print sales of the book, and, in June 2012, the Kindle edition became the commencement to sell more than one million copies. [119]

Remote content removal

On July 17, 2009, Amazon.com withdrew certain Kindle titles, Animal Subcontract and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, from sale, refunded the price to those who had purchased them, and remotely deleted these titles from purchasers' devices later discovering that the publisher lacked rights to publish the titles in question. [120] Notes and annotations for the books made by users on their devices were left in a separate file, but "rendered useless" without the content they were directly linked to. [121] [122] The movement prompted outcry and comparisons to 19 Eighty-Iv itself. In the novel, books, magazines and newspapers in public athenaeum that contradict the ruling party are either edited long after beingness published or destroyed outright; the removed materials go "down the retentivity hole", the nickname for an incinerator chute. [123] Customers and commentators noted the resemblance to the censorship in the novel, and described Amazon'south activeness in Orwellian terms. Some critics also argued that the deletion violated the Kindle'southward Terms of Service, which states in function: [124]

"Upon your payment of the applicative fees set by Amazon, Amazon grants you the non-sectional right to keep a permanent copy of the applicable Digital Content and to view, apply and brandish such Digital Content an unlimited number of times, solely on the Device or as authorized by Amazon equally part of the Service and solely for your personal, non-commercial use."

Amazon spokesman Drew Herdener stated that the company is "... changing our systems and then that in the future nosotros will not remove books from customers' devices in these circumstances." [125] On July 23, 2009, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos posted an apology nearly the company's handling of the matter on Amazon'south official Kindle forum. Bezos said the action was "stupid", and that the executives at Amazon "deserve the criticism received." [126]

On July 30, 2009, Justin Gawronski, a Michigan high schoolhouse senior, and Antoine Bruguier, a California engineer, filed suit against Amazon in the U.s.a. District Courtroom for the Western District of Washington. Gawronski argued that Amazon had violated its terms of service past remotely deleting the copy of Nineteen Eighty-Iv he had purchased, in the process preventing him from accessing annotations he had written. Bruguier also had his copy deleted without his consent, and found Amazon practiced "deceit" in an email exchange. The complaint, which requested class-activeness condition, asked for both monetary and injunctive relief. [122] [127] The example was settled on September 25, 2009, with Amazon agreeing to pay $150,000 divided between the two plaintiffs, on the understanding that the law business firm representing them, Kamber Edelson LLC, "...volition donate its portion of that fee to a charitable organization...". [128] The settlement as well saw Amazon guaranteeing wider rights to Kindle owners over its eBooks:

For copies of Works purchased pursuant to TOS granting "the non-exclusive right to go along a permanent copy" of each purchased Work and to "view, use and display [such Works] an unlimited number of times, solely on the [Devices]. . . and solely for [the purchasers'] personal, non-commercial employ", Amazon will not remotely delete or modify such Works from Devices purchased and being used in the United states of america unless (a) the user consents to such deletion or modification; (b) the user requests a refund for the Work or otherwise fails to pay for the Work (e.m., if a credit or debit bill of fare issuer declines to remit payment); (c) a judicial or regulatory order requires such deletion or modification; or (d) deletion or modification is reasonably necessary to protect the consumer or the operation of a Device or network through which the Device communicates (eastward.k., to remove harmful lawmaking embedded within a copy of a Work downloaded to a Device). [129]

On September 4, 2009, Amazon offered afflicted users a restoration of the deleted ebooks, an Amazon gift certificate, or a check for the amount of $30. [130]

In December 2010, three eBooks past author Selena Kitt were removed due to violations of Amazon's publishing guidelines. For what Amazon describes as "a cursory menses of time," the books were unavailable for redownload by users who had already purchased them. This power was restored later it was brought to Amazon's attending; however, no remote deletion took place. [131]

Come across also

  • Barnes & Noble Nook
  • Perbandingan -- e-book readers
  • East-volume
  • OverDrive, Inc. – ebook borrowing services for public libraries
  • Sony Reader
  • Tablet computer

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External links

  • Kindle Store, official
  • Source code to GPL portions of Kindle
  • The Revolution Will Exist Digitalized, City Journal, June 13, 2008
  • Video: Charlie Rose Interview with CEO Jeff Bezos nearly the Kindle November 19, 2007
  • Video Teardown of the Amazon Kindle

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